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Every time you save one gigabyte of data to the cloud, you use 3 to 7 kWh of energy. Think about how many people save documents, photos, videos, etc. to the cloud every single day. That energy adds up. But why does it take so much energy? When you save a text document to the cloud,
 This process, including the data transfer, storage, and data center cooling, takes a million times (for real) more energy than saving that text document to your computer. Email is one of the biggest contributors to carbon emissions from the cloud. In fact, the carbon footprint of the emails that the average office worker receives every year is 0.6 metric tonnes (0.66 tons) of CO2 equivalent (Richards, 2018). Copying ten people on an email you send can multiply its carbon footprint by four. The Challenge
For the next two weeks, take some of the individual actions listed below to reduce your cloud footprint.
Sources Adamson, J. (2017, June 27). Carbon and the Cloud. Retrieved September 05, 2020, from https://medium.com/stanford-magazine/carbon-and-the-cloud-d6f481b79dfe. Richards, E. C. (2018, February). The Carbon Cost of an Email. Retrieved September 05, 2020, from https://carbonliteracy.com/the-carbon-cost-of-an-email/. Castelet, M. (2019, November 12). Going green: How to Reduce Digital Pollution. Retrieved September 06, 2020, from https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/how-to-reduce-digital-pollution.
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 The fast fashion industry is one of the biggest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Fast fashion is a term for the type of clothes that are produced, bought, and thrown away quickly. It’s unsustainable, but it’s a huge part of today’s society. According to a 2019 study, 37% of people aged 16-24 say it would be embarrassing to wear the same outfit to multiple events. The Wall Street Journal said that, “the average person will buy 68 garments [in 2020], and wear each piece only seven times before disposing of it” (Foussianes, 2020). This creates an endless cycle of producing, buying, and throwing away that harms people and the environment. Many big clothing companies pay their workers less than minimum wage for laboring long hours every day in unhealthy conditions. “A recent New York Times investigation ... revealed that workers creating Fashion Nova clothing in Los Angeles were being paid as little as $2.77 an hour,” almost $4.50 under federal minimum wage in the US (Foussianes, 2020). The conditions of the factories are harmful to workers, and sometimes deadly. In 2013, a Bangladesh garment factory collapsed, killing 1,100 people. The fast fashion industry is harming its workers and our environment. It’s time to take action. The Challenge For the next two weeks, avoid buying clothing from fast fashion brands. You’ll be helping the environment and garment factory workers. Comment below or use #project5billion on social media to share your favorite sustainable clothing brands with us! Eco-Friendly Alternatives Try buying used clothes from consignment shops or second-hand stores. You’ll be eliminating the production of a new garment, and you’ll be saving some money! If you have to buy new clothing, buy from ethical, sustainable brands. If that’s not possible and you have to buy from a fast fashion brand, keep the clothes for as long as possible. Write a letter to an unsustainable garment company in your area telling them why you’ve chosen not to shop there and what they have to change for you to buy their products. The more letters, the better, so try to get your family and friends involved in your letter-writing campaign. Sources Crumbie, A. (2019, Sep. 5). What is fast fashion and why is it a problem? Ethical Consumer. Retrieved Aug. 22, 2020, from https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/fashion-clothing/what-fast-fashion-why-it-problem. Foussianes, C. (2020, Jan. 17). What Is Fast Fashion, and Why Is Everyone Talking About It? Town & Country. Retrieved Aug. 22, 2020, from https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a30361609/what-is-fast-fashion/. AuthorLeigh Schmidt  Industrial pollution accounts for half of all pollution in the US. Of this half, a large portion comes from big retailers. These companies’ US factories are responsible for releasing three million tons of toxic chemicals into our air and 275 million metric tons of hazardous waste into our environment every year. They also destroy 15 million acres of land annually. Many companies also operate overseas, which accounts for the annual 1 billion metric tons of CO2 that the US emits internationally. Luckily, local retailers contribute much less to the climate crisis.
According to an infographic by HuffPost, ⅔ of local retailers use recycled materials. Recycling one ton of steel can conserve 1400 pounds of coal, 2500 pounds of iron ore, and 120 pounds of limestone, all of which are energy-intensive materials to mine and produce. Local businesses don’t often produce their goods internationally, and they don’t have huge factories. Shopping locally also benefits the economy and the community--local shops generate 20% more local economic activity than shopping at big retailers. Your business will also help these shops survive the COVID-induced recession. The Challenge For the next two weeks, shop at local farmers’ markets and shops instead of big stores. By taking the challenge, you’ll be benefiting the environment and your local economy. Source Salguero, M. (2017, Dec. 6). Why Buying Local Is Worth Every Cent [Infographic]. HuffPost. Retrieved Aug. 8 2020, from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-buying-local-is-worth_b_4310520  Almost 48% of the $12 billion spent on paper towels in 2017 was spent by Americans alone. Joe Pinsker, of The Atlantic, wrote: “In an era of waning American exceptionalism, inhabitants can at least pride themselves on an underratedly important, probably shameful distinction: They reside in the paper-towel capital of the world” (Pinsker, 2018). Disposable paper towels are wasteful and can only be used once. Some can be composted, but many of them are treated with chemicals and dyes that are bad for the environment and make them impossible to compost. These chemicals are often bad for our health as well. Creating, packaging, and transporting paper towels generates carbon emissions. This is true with almost all products, including a widely used alternative to a paper towel - a reusable cloth. But a cloth will last much longer than a paper towel, so instead of buying new packaging and paying for more transportation every month or two when you need another package of paper towels, you’re only buying a few towels every couple of years. There are concerns that reusable cloths trap germs and contaminate surfaces that you’re trying to clean, but there is little evidence to support this. According to Brad Gray, Head of Campaigns for environmental organization Planet Ark, you won’t have to worry about germs as long as you regularly clean your cloths and use hot water. The Challenge For the next two weeks, use a reusable cloth instead of a paper towel. This will help you reduce your carbon footprint and your paper use! Eco-Friendly Alternatives One great alternative to paper towels is a reusable cloth. You can easily make one by cutting up an old shirt or other piece of cloth. You can also buy more sponge-like ones at many stores, or use a tea towel. One not-so-great alternative is a sponge. Sponges often contain harmful chemicals and are disposable. Here is a link to Project 5 Billion’s challenge to avoid sponges from fall of last year. If you want an extra challenge, try avoiding paper towels and sponges for two weeks. Reusable cloths are a great alternative for sponges, too, so you’ll only need one cleaning tool! Sources
Blatchford, E. (2016, July 15). Paper Towels Vs Cloths: Which Ones Should You Use In Your Kitchen? Retrieved July 16, 2020, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/02/22/paper-towels-versus-cloth_n_9294566.html. Pinsker, J. (2018, December 10). Americans Are Weirdly Obsessed With Paper Towels. Retrieved July 16, 2020, from https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/12/paper-towels-us-use-consume/577672/. Instead of our normal challenges this July, we're challenging you to take the Plastic Free July challenge. Try to cut down on or go without plastic for the month. Check out Plastic Free July's website to learn more. Going without single-use plastic, or any plastic, is a lot easier than you might think! Below are links to some of our past challenges that will get you started on your plastic-free journey.
Ocean Protection
We have to protect our oceans! Jenny Desmond requested that we take a day to talk about ocean protection. 6 Threats to Ocean Life Plastic pollution: Animals are killed by ingesting or by being tangled in plastic. Overfishing: Taking too many fish out of the ocean threatens the ecosystem. Whaling: There are just over 100 West Pacific grey whales left in the wild. Climate change: Coral bleaching, habitat loss, and rising sea levels are all caused by climate change. Oil and gas: A lot of oil and gas reserves are under the sea floor. Shipping: Ships create a lot of damage, including oil spills and anchor damage. 8 Ways to Help 1. Reduce your carbon footprint - take these P5B challenges 2. Reduce plastic use - these challenges can help: 3. Participate in beach cleanups (if you live on the coast) 4. Choose sustainable seafood (or don’t eat it at all) 5. Buy sustainable products from sustainable companies 6. Avoid using pesticides and other toxic chemicals 7. Be aware of your impact while on vacation 8. Cut down on all waste - take this challenge: Upcycle Sources “Oceans Issues & Threats.” Greenpeace USA, www.greenpeace.org/usa/oceans/issues/. “Threats to Oceans and Coasts.” WWF, wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/problems/. “10 Things You Can Do to Save the Ocean.” National Geographic, 29 May 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/oceans/take-action/10-things-you-can-do-to-save-the-ocean/. Smithsonian Ocean Team. How You Can Help the Ocean, 14 May 2018, ocean.si.edu/conservation/climate-change/how-you-can-help-ocean.  Flower gardens do more than just look and smell pretty. They provide a safe haven for bees and other pollinators. Pollinators are the animals that spread pollen between flowers, allowing them to create seeds. These animals include bees, butterflies, beetles, flies, moths, birds, and bats. Pollinators are essential parts of our ecosystem. In fact, “three-fourths of the world’s flowering plants and about 35 percent of the world’s food crops depend on animal pollinators to reproduce” (NRCS).
Many pollinators are endangered species, especially bees. One of the easiest ways to help pollinators is to plant gardens full of flowering plants that attract pollinators and provide food for them. Bees and other pollinators eat pollen and nectar, so planting a garden will help both the pollinators and the plants. The Challenge During the next two weeks, try planting some flowers that attract pollinators. Some of these flowers are peony, milkweed, lavender, and marigold. In the coming weeks, we’ll post more information about each species of pollinator, instructions for how to plant a garden, and links to other projects that are working to protect pollinators. Sources “Natural Resources Conservation Service.” Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA, www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/plantsanimals/pollinate/. “Saving the Bees through Outreach and Education.” The Honeybee Conservancy, thehoneybeeconservancy.org/. One great way to reduce your home’s energy usage (and your carbon footprint) is using a clothesline instead of a clothes dryer. Most clothes dryers are powered by electricity, which, unless you use only renewable energy, is created with fossil fuels.
You might be surprised by how much energy your dryer uses. According to a report by Energy Star, “Residential clothes dryers account for approximately 6% of residential electricity use” (Energy Star, 2011). This means that switching to a clothesline can save you as much as 6% on your next energy bill. The Challenge For the next two weeks, try using a clothesline to dry your clothes. We’ll be posting easy instructions about how to make a clothesline in the next couple of days. Stay tuned! Sources U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR Market & Industry Scoping Report Residential Clothes Dryers. Nov. 2011, www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/ENERGY_STAR_Scoping_Report_Residential_Clothes_Dryers.pdf. According to the EPA, compostable food scraps and other natural waste products account for more than 28 percent of a home’s weekly trash (EPA 2019). (For vegetarian households, the percentage is typically higher because more of its food scraps are compostable.) Sending that waste to the landfill increases energy use and pollution: more trash means more trash trucks and more trips to the landfill. In addition, as the waste rots in the landfill, it emits methane, a greenhouse gas. Composting at home is a simple method of “food recovery” (reducing food waste by redistributing or recycling discarded food). It creates a rich soil amendment for your garden and landscape plants, and it’s totally free (except for any bin materials you have to buy). Building a compost bin and composting food and yard waste is much easier than most people think. While you can build a three-bin composter to manage your compost in stages, this is overkill for most home use. All you really need is a clear area of dirt that is fenced off to keep out the family dog. Here’s one simple design you can build in a few hours:
To start composting, simply dump your compostable material into a pile, forming it into a mound. Turn over the pile every couple of weeks; a pitchfork works best, but you can also use a shovel. If you add a lot of paper, grass clippings, and other dry materials, you might need to add some water to the compost to keep it moist, but if you compost mostly food scraps, you shouldn’t have to add water. Once the compost at the bottom looks like dark brown soil (in fact, it is soil), it’s ready to use. What to Compost Compostables are grouped as “greens” or “browns.” To make the richest and quickest compost, try to add half greens and half browns to your pile. Greens
Browns
What Not to Compost Properly managed compost piles have a fruity-vegetable smell (for real). They smell bad only if you add the wrong types of food or you dump in loads of green grass (which smells terrible). Never add any of these items to your pile.
The Challenge For the next two weeks, try composting your natural waste instead of throwing it away. If you already have a compost pile, send us some composting tips or tell us what you’re using your compost for. The planet thanks you! Sources
"Composting At Home." EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 13 Nov. 2019, www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home.
This challenge is relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Jane Goodall said the following about the pandemic:
“It is our disregard for nature and our disrespect of the animals we should share the planet with that has caused this pandemic, that was predicted long ago. Because as we destroy, let's say the forest, the different species of animals in the forest are forced into a proximity and therefore diseases are being passed from one animal to another, and that second animal is then most likely to infect humans as it is forced into closer contact with humans. It's also the animals who are hunted for food, sold in markets in Africa or in the meat market for wild animals in Asia, especially China, and our intensive farms where we cruelly crowd together billions of animals around the world. These are the conditions that create an opportunity for the viruses to jump from animals across the species barrier to humans." The Challenge During the next two weeks, pick at least five meals to make vegetarian (if you eat meat) or vegan (if you’re already vegetarian). If you eat a plant-based diet all the time, share some of your favorite recipes using the hashtag #project5billion or tagging @project5billion/@p5billion. I’ll be featuring my favorite recipes! Recipe Ideas Vegan Chili Breaded Cauliflower Vegan Chickpea Curry Teriyaki Vegetable Stir Fry Vegetarian Linguine Tomato, Basil, and Corn Pizza Kale and Chickpea Grain Bowl Vegan Lasagna Sources Albeck-Ripka, Livia. “How to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint.” The New York Times, The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/guides/year-of-living-better/how-to-reduce-your-carbon-footprint Shalant, Jenny. “To Shrink Your Carbon Footprint, Ease Up on the Dairy.” NRDC, National Resources Defense Council, 5 Feb. 2020, www.nrdc.org/stories/shrink-your-carbon-footprint-ease-dairy. Stylianou, Nassos, et al. “Climate Change Food Calculator: What's Your Diet's Carbon Footprint?” BBC News, BBC, 9 Aug. 2019, www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46459714. Orjollet, Stéphane. “Jane Goodall Says 'Disrespect for Animals' Caused Pandemic.” Yahoo News, 11 Apr. 2020, news-yahoo-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/news.yahoo.com/amphtml/jane-goodall-says-disrespect-animals-caused-pandemic-091036641.html. |
